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What the Heck Happened – Why Did the Value of Gold Drop?

Precious Metal Gold in BarsInvestors are still reeling from the recent price drop in the value of gold. Looking at both long and short term ramifications, the cause preceding the drop seems to have two main forces behind it.

Whatever factors were at work, the drop marked the largest single one-day downward swing for gold since the year 1983. The drop caused many to wonder if the safe investment gold has been viewed as for nigh the past decade was about become a thing of the past.

What the Drop Means for Current Investors
For those with money in gold, there is mostly good news tinged with some bad. Even the bad carries with it some mitigating factors, which means investors should be back to seeing the value rise before to long.

During the drop, gold reached its lowest price since February of 2011. The price plummeted $140.30 an ounce on Monday, April 15th, which represented a decrease in value of nine percent. That summed up to a total drop of 13 percent over the last two days of trading at that point. The drop was mainly precipitated on Friday, April 12th when the United States government released a report detailing a recent drop in inflation. This follows the well-established trend that consumers typically buy gold when they are afraid of rising prices, but sell when the inflation starts to retreat.

That real event was then coupled with a rumored selloff by Cyprus of some of the gold from its reserves. The fear that other European countries may also dump some of the metal on the open market, thus driving prices down, also may have spooked others in to selling, leading to a mini-panic of sorts. Once the downward spiral was initiated, investors began to dump out of fear that the bubble might be bursting.

What is the Short-Term Future for Gold
However, many experts point to a coming surge as new investors, and even some already bought in to the market, begin to snap up more for their portfolio before the value of gold shoots back up again. It is hard to argue against an investment that, while it has not gone north of $1,792 an ounce in value since October 24th of last year, has still marked continual growth over the last decade. In that ten years, the value of gold has gone from $330 an ounce to over $1900 as recently as 2011.

Long-term, it could simply be argued that the value of gold had been trending upward for too long, and merely need a correction. Even with its dips recently, gold has gone up every year for the year for the last twelve years. Some experts see this drop as analogous to a similar drop in 1970 that then resulted in a huge upswing. If that trend holds, those experts see the value of gold as getting up for $3400 an ounce rather easily in the coming years.

Should you be Buying?
As with any investment opportunity, there is an amount of risk and those wishing to invest should do their own homework, but the market does seem primed to start heading upward again. The tumultuous economic situation worldwide may continue to play havoc with the value of gold, but stabilization and the growth are on the horizon.

With membership in My Gold Inc.`s free club – the Offshore Gold, Silver and Precious Metals Club, you can stay on top of exactly what is happening in the gold and precious metals markets.  Get more information and join for free here.

Gold – It’s Not Just for Jewellery any More | Industrial Applications of Gold

Precious Metal Gold in BarsAfter working hard throughout your life, you expect to be able to enjoy a full retirement – complete with financial freedom. Yet regardless of how much wealth you have accumulated, the numbers in your bank account and investment holdings are really just that: numbers. These numbers are easily influenced by periods of financial hardship, and struggling stock markets, amongst other factors. And with the continued rise in global inflation and the ever-weakening dollar, it’s more important now than ever before to consider incorporating the value of gold into your investment portfolio. In this post we will explore why the value of gold is so high and how it can be used to protect your assets.

Why is gold so valuable?

Of all the minerals extracted from the Earth, it is widely accepted than none is more useful than gold. Although the most commonly perceived uses for gold include jewelry and coin-making, the true value of gold is in its ability to be applied to numerous applications. Here are a few common industrial uses for gold:

  • Electronics – One of the most important industrial uses of gold is the manufacture of electronic devices. Gold is a highly efficient electrical conductor and can carry even very low voltage currents without the threat of corrosion. In fact, small amounts of gold are used in nearly all sophisticated electronics.
  • Computers – Desktop and laptop computers require both the rapid and accurate transmission of digital information through the device via an efficient conductor. Once again, there is no metal better suited than gold to meet these requirements.
  • Dentistry – Gold is commonly used as a dental filling, not because of the glitz and glitter, but because it is chemically inert, nonallergenic, and is easy for dentists to work with.
  • Medical – The value of gold in treating certain medical conditions is unmatched. Weak solutions of the metal can be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, and small particles of radioactive gold isotopes can be implanted into tissues as a source of radiation in some cancers. This same radioactive gold is also useful in diagnosing illnesses.
  • Aerospace – In order to justify the spending of billions of dollars on vehicles that are launched into space and will embark on a voyage with absolutely zero possibility of maintenance, it is imperative that the most reliable materials are used. It is precisely for this reason that gold is used in every space vehicle. Gold can be used to stabilize spacecraft temperature, to act as a lubricant between mechanical parts, in circuitry, and in other applications.

How can the value of gold be used to my advantage?

It’s no secret that the world is in the midst of an economical downturn. With no true ending in sight, it has been projected that the rates of inflation will continue to increase. It has also been made apparent that many government-funded investment options are also struggling to make ends meet. In an era where the value of the dollar is always on the fritz, there’s no wiser move than to invest in gold. Throughout history, gold has proven itself resilient to inflation, deflation, and an unstable market. And because it’s uses are many, you can expect that the value of gold will never be diminished. In fact, the increasing demand for the precious metal may mean that the value of gold will actually go up.

The moral of the story is to never put all of your eggs in one basket. By adding gold to your investment strategy, you’ll enjoy the peace of mind that regardless of what happens with the economy, your gold stores will remain reliable.

Offshore Investing in Rare and Precious Metals

Rare Strategic Metals

Rare Strategic Metals

If you are a retiree looking to invest your money offshore, you can do so by investing in rare metals. Ownership of precious metals such as silver and gold is also another way of investing nowadays instead of doing it the old fashioned way. Metals gain value over time, sure money will earn interest overtime but metals are more likely to bring higher returns. This is a long term strategy of protecting your assets to ensure that they are always safe.

It is also safe to go for the more common metals such as silver and gold. Converting liquid cash into metal assets ensures that your wealth is secure even in times of financial crisis. These metals are tangible assets that are not affected by normal financial trends.

Gold is one of the more common investment options and it has been used to show wealth for a long time. The reason why it is the investment metal of choice for many is that is its malleability and indestructibility. It is quite heavy but still relatively easy to transport. The gold rate is usually stable most of the time and when you choose to sell, it is more likely to be at a higher price than you bought it.

There are many ways of offshore investing in metals; it can be done in physical form i.e. you buy jewelry, coins and bullions which you can store. You can also invest in terms of stocks where you just own shares to a metal company without the risk of holding the metal for yourself. However the other types of strategic metals that you can invest in include;

  • Indium
  • Gallium
  • Tantalum
  • Bismuth
  • Tellurium

By buying these metals you can be in possession of a range of metals which are valuable to the industry currently and in the future. These metals are a safe and lasting way of protecting your assets.

Why invest in metals?

Money is affected by inflation but precious metals are not. Concerns over future inflation highly affect people’s decision to invest in metals. Buying precious metals will therefore provide a safe haven against inflation. Another reason why people are investing in metals is because they have high liquidity. This is how fast they can be converted into cash; other common assets are not liquid. The most liquid metals include gold and silver and this is a desirable factor to investors.

Privacy is also a good reason to invest in metals. Most people do not like parading their wealth or for their wealth to be public knowledge so this metals enable them to keep their assets a secret. It is kept a secret because there is no reporting of asset transaction prices under ten thousand dollars. It is also safe to invest in metals because their value remains intact, they do not depreciate.

In a nutshell the benefits of investing in metals include;

  • Safety
  • Privacy
  • Liquidity
  • They are safe from inflation

Click Here to learn more on a brand new asset protection strategy most investors don't even know about

 

Panning For Gold for Fun and Profit

Gold Nugget

You already know about the value of gold in uncertain times. Yes, the value of gold is relatively timeless and that is probably the reason you have a certain amount of your money invested in it. However, like most investors you may not have considered the possibility of actually finding the precious metal yourself. Along with investing money in gold, you should consider investing some of your time into looking for it. There are many active gold prospectors, and some are even able to make a living from it. Panning for gold is a very old way of prospecting and while hitting a major jackpot may not be likely these days, it is possible for it be rewarding in a financial sense and in other ways as well.

Benefits of Panning for Gold
Not only is it possible to make a profit from panning for gold from placer deposits, the activity can put you out in the midst of nature. In this way it bears much in common with the hobby of fishing. In both cases, seeking a particular goal allows an individual to be able to observe the natural beauty of the world around them.  This means that a prospector may be able to find value in their trip, even if a financial reward does not pan out, so to speak. That said, the value of gold is such that it is entirely possible for a prospector to find enough of the metal to make panning for gold a lucrative hobby.

The equipment that a prospector will need to pan for gold includes:

·         A water tight bottle for storing gold.
·         A magnet for removing iron particles.
·         Gold pan, preferably one made of plastic so that corrosion will not be an issue.
·         A paintbrush for getting into rock crevices for gold particles.

Where to Pan for Gold
Panning involves seeking the gold that has eroded and washed away from its mother lode by a stream. A prospector who uses this method may even be able to trace the stream of gold all the way back to its source and hit pay-dirt, which is the point of origin of their gold. It is important to note that streams may pass through miles and miles of ground where gold deposits may exist. When choosing an area in which to pan for gold, it is best to seek out an area rich in minerals. The ideal point in a stream is where its flow slows down considerably as a result of the rock formations surrounding the stream.

How to Pan for Gold
Gold is far more dense than the minerals that may surround it at the bottom of a stream. It is this density that allows it to settle at the bottom of a gold pan. The process itself is extremely simple: the prospector places a certain amount of material from the bottom of a stream into their pan, they then shake it left to right under the surface of the water, allowing the denser material to sink to the bottom and the lighter stuff to wash off. Usually, the materials at the bottom of the pan will consist of iron and be darker colored which should help to show up any gold present.

The value of gold is expected to remain stable in the long term which means that while this hobby may not be always profitable; there is always the possibility that you will find enough to make your efforts worthwhile.

Interested in using the value of gold to preserve your assets?  Skip the Panning with our Limited Edition Gold Eagle Coins, currently in stock.

 

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What are the World’s Most Precious Metals?

Rare Strategic Metals

Rare Strategic Metals

When the term, “precious metals” is used, most people will only think of gold, silver or platinum. More informed individuals may even include palladium and indium in the group. The truth is slightly more complex, however. In addition to the more usual uses for gold and silver in the creation of jewelry and other adornments, there are another dozen or so precious metals that are highly prized for their chemical properties by a variety of industries.

By and large, these metals are scarce and require enormous amounts of time, energy and capital to produce. For these reasons,the actual value of precious metals varies depending on the industry involved but, in all cases, they are rare, in constant demand and growing ever scarcer.

Understanding the uses of precious metals in the various industries involved can go a long way to assuring the investor that there will be a strong and continued for all precious metals. It can also help the prudent investor to assemble a diverse basket of metals that will appreciate in value, protect against inflation and always retain their inherent value. The following examples illustrate some of the more usual baskets that are currently offered by precious metal’s dealers:

 

High Tech – Gold and Silver

These two metals are most often purchased by individuals as jewelry for personal use. Still, the demand for investment grade coins and bullion has steadily increased over the past two decades as everyone from pawn shops to governments have sought to increase their gold and silver holdings. Gold and silver are also in demand by a variety of industries such as electronics, medicine and computers. New uses are still being found for gold, most notably in the aerospace industry and significant amounts of gold can be found on any modern spacecraft.

 

Solar Energy & Indium

The photovoltaic cells used in the generation of electricity are a technological wonder that is partly based on the work of none other than Albert Einstein and on the remarkable properties of three precious metals, indium, gallium and hafnium. Indium, in particular, is indispensible for its inclusion in high power silicon chips that pushes their efficiency just above the 40% mark. A rapidly diminishing supply – some experts claim that there is only 10 years’ worth left – is another factor that bodes well for an increase in this metal’s price.

 

Defense

Tantalum, rhenium, tungsten as well as the previously mentioned indium and gallium are the precious metals important to the defense industry. The industry produces a range of very specialized systems and weapons that require these metals to have their maximum intended effect.

These facts make these precious metals of particular interest to the investor as the military has essentially unlimited resources when it comes to the acquisition of needed materials. In short, the defense industry can pay whatever the market demands to meet their raw material needs.

                                          

The Overall Picture for Precious Metals

The above three areas are only a small cross section of the key industries around the world that are increasingly in need of precious metals. In addition to the common metals mentioned above, various industries are also in need of tellurium, tantalum, bismuth and a host of lesser known metals.

Despite ever better mining and refinement technologies, the supply of precious metals continues to tighten. It seems that the more the world produces, the more uses are found for them. Pardon the pun but precious metals have a particularly bright future and investors would be well advised to consider them for any investment portfolio.

 

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What Should Silver and Gold Investors do?

Silver (play /ˈsɪlvər/) is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag (Latin: argentum, from the Indo-European root *arg- for "grey" or "shining") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal. The metal occurs naturally in its pure, free form (native silver), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper, gold, lead, and zinc refining. Silver has long been valued as a precious metal, and it is used to make ornaments, jewelry, high-value tableware, utensils (hence the term silverware), and currency coins. Today, silver metal is also used in electrical contacts and conductors, in mirrors and in catalysis of chemical reactions. Its compounds are used in photographic film, and dilute silver nitrate solutions and other silver compounds are used as disinfectants and microbiocides. While many medical antimicrobial uses of silver have been supplanted by antibiotics, further research into clinical potential continues.

Today there was an article on CNBC telling us that the Bull market in silver is finished. Last week we heard that the Bull market was finished in Gold. What is an investor to do with all the noise around us? When silver was approaching $50 in June 2011 the media was happy to tell its viewers and readers to buy. It is very difficult to focus on the end game when the media continues to get it wrong.

The public keeps falling for the same trick year after year. Peter Schiff, Congressman Ron Paul and Marc Faber all said that the real estate bubble would burst while the media laughed at them. Today we have the media telling us that it is ok to bring our hard earned currency back into the stock market. Does all seem well to you? My gut feeling is telling me that something is terribly wrong with the system and that the risk of a serious crisis is still a possibility.

I would like to share with you my approach to precious metals investing. My approach may seem ultra conservative, but it has worked for almost a decade. Physical metal in my possession or 100% allocated in my name in a private vault is the only way to go for my family. I do not worry about the ups and downs of the silver and gold market. When it is time for a purchase, I do not try to time the market. When the cash is available I place an order. People ask me, ¨Randy why are you not worried about silver and gold crashing?¨ My reply is easy, do you really think that the governments around the world are going to show restraint when it comes to devaluing their currencies?

Here are a few reasons to not trust currencies.

  1. China has signed 16 currency trade agreements bypassing the US Dollar.
  2. Ben Bernanke and the Fed have announced that they want to continue to devalue the US Dollar.
  3. Trade wars, nations trying to keep their products cheap by devaluing their currencies, recently Brazil said the government will use this tactic.
  4. Governments around the world are devaluing currencies to pay off national debt, instead of raising taxes. Raising taxes is political suicide.

The other question people ask is, “when will you sell?¨. The answer to this question is a very personal one, but my approach is pretty simple. I have a set goal for the value of my metals. When the price reaches that value, I will then sell my silver and gold and buy real estate or possibly equities. For me the precious metals are a tool to build wealth. When I sell, I am just moving to a different asset class. When I can buy a $100k house for 600 ounces of silver it will be time for me to sell. Similar to everyday life, if we don´t focus on set goals, we will accomplish very little. Even if it takes another five years for silver and gold to reach my price goals I am okay with it.

Will there be times in the climb forward, when silver and gold take large price drops? Of course there will be, but these are the times when the market just gave you the opportunity to buy more precious metals at a discount. I am just an average guy who wants to be able to sleep good at night. I don´t want to be worrying whether or not my call or put options are in the money. So if you want peace of mind, please do not listen to the media, focus on your goals and you will be ok.

 By: Randy Hilarski – The Rare Metals Guy

How feasible is a fair-trade cell phone?

Here’s a simple solution to the controversy over working conditions in the foreign factories cranking out our gadgets: fair-trade electronics.

Give consumers alternatives they can feel good about buying – devices sourced and assembled in a fair, safe and green manner. Then let the market decide whether it values worker rights over cheap devices. The manufacturer that takes the gamble could own a niche in a market rife with conscientious young customers.

Well, it sounds like a simple solution, anyway.

The more I researched the issue and talked to supply chain and fair-trade experts, the more complicated things became.

For starters, no such designation exists for electronics today and it would require buy-in from the industry to establish one, said Heather Franzese, director of new business at Fair Trade USA in Oakland.

Businesses have to want to stamp their products with such declarations to differentiate them in the marketplace. Unlike segments of the food and apparel sectors, however, tech firms have displayed little interest in doing so. Typically it takes a critical mass of consumer and media pressure before industries move in this direction – and it seems we’re not yet there.

But perhaps the thorniest problem comes in determining what fair trade means. Ultimately the standards are subjective and somewhat arbitrary. How do you determine a fair wage in a poor nation with few other employment options? How many hours are too many hours? What qualifies as safe enough? Does “underage” mean 18, 17 or 16

A particular challenge for electronics is determining what parts of the industry’s long supply chain falls under those standards. Depending on how you count, there are hundreds or thousands of components in the average smart phone, using materials sourced from around the globe.

Auditing minerals

Should we hold companies responsible for minerals that might have changed hands five times before arriving at a smelting facility? Can we realistically audit the origins of all those materials?

The answer may simply be no.

“Everyone would like to see a phone that comes from places where everyone is treated fairly, but in practice, I think the supply chain is so global and so complex that it’s virtually impossible to confirm 100 percent,” said Rick Pierson, an analyst at IHS Global Insight.

Take the tantalum capacitor, a component of circuits that holds an electric charge. There are more than 450 in an iPhone, according to IHS.

Some estimates say 20 percent of the world’s tantalum comes from the Congo, where its sale has financed militias that have committed atrocities over the last 15 years, including mass murder, rape and mutilation, according to various reports. These rebels have forced miners to dig up minerals for a pittance in conditions that make Chinese factories look like Google’s corporate campus.

Major volumes of other minerals critical for electronics – like tin, tungsten and gold – are produced under similar conditions throughout Central Africa.

In 2010, Steve Jobs addressed the complexity of tracking these materials in an e-mail to a customer.

“We require all of our suppliers to certify in writing that they use conflict few (sic) materials,” he wrote. “But honestly there is no way for them to be sure. Until someone invents a way to chemically trace minerals from the source mine, it’s a very difficult problem.”

And there are other complexities.

Human-rights groups like the Enough Project have pushed companies to stop using conflict materials in their products, ultimately helping to insert a provision into the Dodd-Frank financial reform law that mandates companies disclose when they buy conflict materials.

The Securities and Exchange Commission has yet to implement the rules, but the fact they’re coming has already led to big changes in the region – for better and worse.

A 2011 opinion piece in the New York Times called the law a catastrophe, saying smelting factories have responded by refusing to buy minerals from eastern Congo, even from legitimate suppliers.

“I heard from scores of artisanal miners and small-scale producers who used to make a few dollars a day digging ore,” freelance writer David Aronson said. “Paltry as it may seem, this income was a lifeline.”

But Aaron Hall, associate director of research at Enough Project, said that companies are figuring it out. He said that Motorola and Kemet, which makes capacitors, have set up systems that allow them to monitor and track materials. Meanwhile, the Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition, whose members include IBM, Dell and Apple, launched a Conflict Free Smelter Assessment Program to identify facilities that aren’t using conflict minerals.

There are two points worth emphasizing here: One is that the industry is making some real changes, at least in certain parts of the supply chain.

The other is that fair trade doesn’t always come down to a simple moral choice. There are sometimes steep trade-offs and difficult questions. What’s the greater good: providing work to the desperately poor in the Congo, or preventing money from falling into the hands of warlords?

The final uncertainty surrounding the feasibility of fair-trade electronics is the most important one: Would enough consumers buy them?

On this question, there was a perfect split in my interviews between business experts, who said no, and advocacy groups, who said yes.

“The template is there and the world is waiting,” said Jeffrey Ballinger, executive director of labor group Press for Change.

But tablets and smart phones are volume businesses, meaning companies have to sell huge quantities of each short-lived version to make the numbers pencil out. A fair-trade stamp alone may not line up the buyers Ballinger speaks of, whose identities are often as wrapped up in their tech savviness as their political consciousness. To have any chance of success, the products would have to be technically comparable – without being far more expensive.

Big change in cost

In its recent exposé of working conditions at Chinese plants producing Apple products, the Times said various experts estimated building iPhones in the United States would add up to $65 to each device. But that doesn’t address the unsavory origins of the phones’ components – and doing so would surely raise costs higher still.

“Will people pay a social premium? Sure, some people would, but not enough to justify it,” said John Morgan, a business professor at UC Berkeley. “It still won’t make it economically viable.”

None of this is meant to argue that companies should get a free pass – or that we shouldn’t demand U.S. businesses use their clout to raise labor standards around the world.

It’s only to say that there aren’t any simple solutions to complex problems.

By: James Temple
Source: http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2012/03/25/BUI21NOBG6.DTL

Silver set to shine after escaping India’s budget clutches

While gold’s southward journey continued for the third straight day in Mumbai Monday, investors showed a keen interest in buying one kilo silver bars also known as `chausar’ given the excise duty exemption.

MUMBAI (MINEWEB) -

Silver, the poor man’s gold, has turned out to be the winner in India’s budgetary excise duty cuts by escaping the attention of the Finance Minister. Investors in India are keen to push silver above the recent channel high with traders insisting that it will be more than speculation that will drive demand for the white metal.

“Silver has clearly been exempted for a reason,” said Prithviraj Kothari, president of the Bombay Bullion Association. “Out of $50 billion worth of imports of precious metals into India, silver imports were just $4 billion, while that for gold was the other $46 billion,” he said.

On Friday, India’s Finance Minister exempted branded silver jewellery from excise duty. Silver coins of purity 99.9% and above were also exempted from excise duty. However, the excise duty on refined gold was doubled from 1.5% to 3%.

Kothari was of the opinion that silver coins and silver bars, called `chausar’ in the local lingo and among bullion traders across the country, would soon sell like hot cakes. “There is not much demand for silver jewellery among Indian investors. Most go for high value silver coins or for a 1 kilo silver bar. The latter is expected to fly off the shelves now and investor interest would surely be pushed higher as a consequence of the double whammy on gold in the budget,” he added.

Kothari added that the price of silver was bound northward since investor interest had shifted given its usage in solar panels. Panel makers consume about 12% of the world’s supply of silver, the material in solar cells that conducts electricity.

Silver paste is used in 90% of all crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, which are the most common solar cells. Though the solar industry is not the largest consumer of silver, it is a growing market that could give silver producers a boost, say traders.

“It is something whose time has come. Most of the markets that silver serves follow traditional supply and demand economics and therefore competition is based on price, product line, and service.  In the case of a hyper growth industry such as the photovoltaic industry, silver is bound to streak ahead,” added Kothari.

The rise in solar power is arguably the most significant development for silver demand in recent years. A GFMS report noted that over the last decade, the sector’s offtake had climbed rapidly, soaring from less than 2 million ounces to an estimated 50 million ounces in 2010. In 2011, demand was expected to reach nearly 70 million ounces, an increase of 40% year on year. So analysts expect demand from this segment to keep growing.

In precious metals, silver was down 0.65% in the international markets at $32.36 an ounce, bringing the gold to silver ratio, which is the number of ounces of silver needed to buy one ounce of gold, to around 51.0, the highest for two weeks and reflecting silver’s underperformance relative to gold.

In India, a depreciating currency has also played spoilsport. The Indian rupee has tumbled by 16% against the US dollar. Some traders insist that as silver was left out of the latest budget tax increase, it may benefit from speculative plays and the spread between gold and silver should narrow.

“Silver has remained outside the double tax on other precious metals. But one should not forget that recently the silver import duty was raised to 6% of the value to discourage imports and enable better utilisation of forex reserves,” said Sunder Raghavan, bullion trader.

“In purely psychological terms, the news is likely to weigh on the price of gold and in the current market could help ensure that the gold price does not increase significantly in the near future,” Commerzbank analysts said in a note, adding that following a rollercoaster ride in 2011, rising industrial demand coupled with growing investor interest should prompt a sustainable increase in the price of silver this year.

In the case of gold though, the analysts have said, “This could lead to lower imports, which would remove an important crutch from the price of gold.”

Traders point out that silver has several industrial uses. “This year, it is estimated that global industrial demand for silver largely driven by India and China will increase by 30%, from 487 million ounces in 2010 to 624 million ounces. At a time like this, the Finance Minister excusing silver from its taxation basket is heady news,” said Udayan Murti, bullion analyst with a broking house.

Kothari was of the opinion that though India imported around 4,800 tonnes of silver last year, this year imports would hinge around 3000 to 3500 tonnes. “Last year there was a lot of consumption. With inflation on the rise this year, there is not much savings left in the hands of individuals. Though the `chausar’ bars are still a hot property amongst the regulars, the budgetary proposal to fully exempt branded silver jewellery from excise duty will result in an increase in the number of branded silver jewellery items. Currently, there are only a few brands in that segment. So, that will be one segment that is bound to grow now,” he added.

Traders and analysts added that silver has been the underestimated bullion with immense savings potential that may help in capital formation for future growth. “This (exempting it from budgetary tax) seems to be a welcome step to realise its untapped potential. Moreover, it has a broader reach across income groups compared to other precious metals, because of pricing,” said Murti.

By: Shivom Seth
Source: http://www.mineweb.com/mineweb/view/mineweb/en/page32?oid=147564&sn=Detail&pid=32

President Obama Signs an Executive Order Allowing for Control Over Natural Resources

President Obama and Tim Geithner

Some disturbing news came out of Washington on March 16th. The President of the United States has decided to expand upon the 1950 Disaster Preparedness order. This order gives the President of the United States total control over all natural resources in the country during war time or emergencies. The new order has expanded the power of the President to control everything from food, transport, production, energy, materials and water. I say how can this be possible? I see the possibility of abuse here. What could go wrong? Should we let our natural resources be controlled by a handful of people? Here is the order.

Section 101.  Purpose.  This order delegates authorities and addresses national defense resource policies and programs under the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended (the “Act”).

(b)  assess on an ongoing basis the capability of the domestic industrial and technological base to satisfy requirements in peacetime and times of national emergency, specifically evaluating the availability of the most critical resource and production sources, including subcontractors and suppliers, materials, skilled labor, and professional and technical personnel; - White House

Additionally, each cabinet under the Executive Branch has been given specific powers when the order is executed, and include the absolute control over food, water, and other resource distributions.

Sec. 201.  Priorities and Allocations Authorities.  (a)  The authority of the President conferred by section 101 of the Act, 50 U.S.C. App. 2071, to require acceptance and priority performance of contracts or orders (other than contracts of employment) to promote the national defense over performance of any other contracts or orders, and to allocate materials, services, and facilities as deemed necessary or appropriate to promote the national defense, is delegated to the following agency heads:

(1)  the Secretary of Agriculture with respect to food resources, food resource facilities, livestock resources, veterinary resources, plant health resources, and the domestic distribution of farm equipment and commercial fertilizer;

(2)  the Secretary of Energy with respect to all forms of energy;

(3)  the Secretary of Health and Human Services with respect to health resources;

(4)  the Secretary of Transportation with respect to all forms of civil transportation;

(5)  the Secretary of Defense with respect to water resources; and

(6)  the Secretary of Commerce with respect to all other materials, services, and facilities, including construction materials.

(e)  “Food resources” means all commodities and products, (simple, mixed, or compound), or complements to such commodities or products, that are capable of being ingested by either human beings or animals, irrespective of other uses to which such commodities or products may be put, at all stages of processing from the raw commodity to the products thereof in vendible form for human or animal consumption.  “Food resources” also means potable water packaged in commercially marketable containers, all starches, sugars, vegetable and animal or marine fats and oils, seed, cotton, hemp, and flax fiber, but does not mean any such material after it loses its identity as an agricultural commodity or agricultural product.

How do I translate this? Is the Executive branch telling us that an expanded war is on the horizon, and that they are worried about shortages? How will the American people respond to another war? Spring has arrived in America, how will Occupy 2012 play out?

If there is war I do believe it will bring instability to an already unstable market and world economy. During war time nations tend to spend huge amounts of money causing increased inflation. This translates into everything costing consumers more. Oil prices will continue to rise as well as anything you purchase at the market.

What can you do to prepare for the increased costs ahead?

  1. Plant yourself a garden and learn how to can to keep your grocery bill under control.
  2. Buy some Precious Metals like Silver and Gold. My choice is Silver.
  3. Buy yourself a small portable Solar unit.
  4. Buy a sturdy bicycle with a rack on it. My Trek is a great bike. Ride it!
  5. Find like-minded individuals in your community.
  6. Make sure you have access to water or store some.
  7. If you are adventurous like myself, expatriate to another country and start a new life.

I was raised by a family who taught me to always be prepared for the unknown. My family always had reserves for times of emergency. Do you want to rely on the government when instability arrives? It looks to me like the government is preparing for something big, maybe you should do the same.

By: Randy Hilarski – The Rare Metals Guy

Silver Price Could Double by Year’s End

Were you cursing at your computer screen when silver nearly tripled during the short 9 months from September 2010 to May 2011? Silver at $20 seemed like an insurmountable threshold for quite some time. This caused many silver investors to give up just prior to the ascent, completely missing the ride towards $50. I believe silver is about to offer a similar ride. While it is unlikely to match the 180% advance mentioned above, look for silver to make new highs in the coming months, with the potential to double to $65 by year end.

Following the record gains in silver during late 2010 and early 2011, the metal crashed towards $25 and has since rebounded to around $33. Investor sentiment has crashed along with it. The threat of Euro nations defaulting, banks announcing they are, well, bankrupt, and a series of other factors have scared away many of the Johnny-come-lately silver bulls.

I think too many investors are underestimating the power of the central banks. While I agree they are running out of options, it seems that their ability to kick the can down the road has yet to expire. Given that the United States is heading into election season and President Obama is in full campaign mode, I expect the administration to pull out all stops in order to continue the illusion of economic prosperity a while longer. Every economic fire of consequence is being extinguished with fresh liquidity, more funny money or new legislation. In case you missed it, QE3 has been in full force for quite some time, albeit executed in a somewhat stealth manner.

The implications for silver (and gold to a lesser degree) are going to be incredibly bullish. Absent a deflationary sovereign default that spirals out of control and takes down major banks with it, stocks will continue to creep higher in volatile trade throughout the year. Once fear begins to subside, look for precious metals to come roaring back to new highs by mid-year. Whenever the next financial crisis finally hits, we are likely to witness a new injection of quantitative easing that is even stronger than what transpired in 2008.

Will a major debt default pull down gold, silver and mining stocks with it? Absolutely.

Will it last? Not likely.

Investors are a predictable bunch. They always overshoot on emotions in one direction or another. A rush for liquidity and the perceived “safety” of government bonds or U.S. dollars will be incredibly short-lived and viewed in retrospect as immensely short-sighted. Everyone that rushed for the door by dumping real assets will soon regret their folly. When the fear subsides and some semblance of rational thought returns, the realization of the worthlessness of government paper will be widespread and cause a mass exodus of fiat money.

So while it is prudent to hold a decent amount of cash in the short term, hoping to buy the irrational dip, the medium to long-term investor might consider buying silver aggressively at this juncture. In my view, commodity prices are either going to continue grinding higher throughout the remainder of the year, or there will be a short and steep dip, following by a resumption to new highs.

Either way, the silver price has a long way to go before reaching previous inflation-adjusted highs. It would need to climb to $150 to reach its 1980 high using officially-suppressed inflation statistics and closer to $300 using honest inflation statistics. Seeing as you can buy silver at around $33 today, the upside potential remains absolutely huge. Let’s take a look at the long-term chart to determine price targets for 2012 and 2013.

Charting back to the start of the silver bull market, we can see that silver remains firmly in its multi-year uptrend. Contrary to negative sentiment expressed by some analysts, there has been no significant chart damage or other action to suggest that the bull market has run its course. Silver recently bounced off the bottom line of its trend channel, which also corresponds roughly with the 100-day moving average. This line has provided support during every one of silver’s corrections over the past decade, with the exception of the 2008 financial crisis. I expect it to continue to provide support during the current correction/consolidation.

While we could see one more quick dip below $30, I think any talk of a decline to $25 or lower is now firmly off the table. Silver is currently facing resistance at the critical level of $35. If it breaks to the upside through this level, I believe silver will quickly climb to challenge the $50 mark once again and reach a high between $55 and $65 by year end. To the downside, I think the lowest silver will close out the year is around $31, in the event that short-term deflationary forces take hold. But as mentioned earlier, I think the central banks stand ready to do whatever is necessary in order to prevent such an outcome.

These projections are relatively conservative and based on the long-term trend trajectory. Any number of events could send silver parabolic in the blink of an eye. The silver market is tiny in relationship to the paper money market and if even a small percentage of those dollars decide to buy silver, demand will overwhelm supply and send prices into triple digits. I ultimately believe silver could reach $500, but the more important consideration is the value/purchasing power increase of silver. One thousand ounces of silver used to be able to buy a median-priced home in the United States and I believe one thousand ounces will once again achieve this same feat in the near future.

Some view silver as an inflation hedge or way to preserve purchasing power. I see it as a way to vastly increase purchasing power over the next several years, with the worse case scenario being wealth preservation. I’ll take that risk/reward scenario any day.

The fundamentals are very strong for silver at this juncture. The Obama administration just put forth a budget that will result in another annual deficit of over $1 Trillion, despite promising to cut the deficit to $650 billion. The ECB is bathing Euro banks in liquidity and the US Fed has literally guaranteed an inflationary environment until late 2014. These policies create ripe conditions for commodities overall and precious metals in particular to make new all-time highs.

With less above-ground investment-grade silver available than gold, the supply/demand situation can not persist much longer at such depressed prices. Physical silver demand is growing and confirming our bullish view, as Silver Eagle sales for January posted the second strongest month ever at 6.1 million ounces!

Lastly, silver is the best form of money to own in the event of a collapse in fiat currencies. It will be difficult to use a gold eagle for small purchases, but silver eagles and junk silver will be ideal to use in purchasing food and other goods when the U.S. dollar is no longer accepted. This makes silver attractive not only for the strong returns and ability to increase an investor’s purchasing power, but also as a valuable insurance policy should the current monetary system break down.

So don’t miss the train again this time around. While silver is currently in consolidation mode, this is not likely to last long. When the silver price finally takes off once again, there will be little notice or opportunity to jump aboard the speeding train. Silver remains severely undervalued in my estimation and I expect the price to skyrocket in the near future as it approaches new highs.

You need only have the courage to take the path less chosen, buy when others aren’t interested and sell when the herd is clamoring to buy silver at any premium. While the next financial crisis may begin with panic selling of precious metals, I believe it will quickly flip to panic buying at very high premiums to spot price. I want to be well-positioned before this occurs and also have some funds on the sidelines to relieve panic sellers of their gold and silver at discount prices. A sensible approach that I advocate is to purchase in tranches, building a position now and adding to it every month or two. This will help to ensure that you don’t go “all in” at a short-term top and have funds available to take advantage of any major dip. Attempting to time the absolute bottom is nearly impossible, so I view this a opportune moments to establish or increase positions in silver.

I am currently adding to my positions, both in physical silver and undervalued silver mining stocks. The equities underperformed significantly last year, but against the backdrop of unlimited central bank easing and liquidity, I think we are likely to see a return to the leverage offered during the early stages of this bull market. Junior mining stocks in particular appear very undervalued at this juncture and could offer staggering gains if my analysis is correct.

*Post courtesy of Jason Hamlin, founder of Gold Stock Bull, a monthly contrarian newsletter that contains in-depth research into the markets with a focus on finding undervalued gold and silver mining companies.

Source: http://www.wealthwire.com/news/metals/2746?r=1

China Could Soon Overtake India As The Biggest Gold Market In The World

HONG KONG (AP) — China is poised to overtake India to become the world’s biggest gold market this year as rising incomes fuel demand for the precious metal and a weak rupee diminishes Indian purchases, an industry group said Thursday.

The amount of gold bought in China rose 20 percent in 2011 over the year before to 770 metric tons, the World Gold Council said in its annual report. That put China behind only first-place India, where 933 metric tons were bought.

Worldwide, the amount of gold purchased rose 0.4 percent to 4,0671 metric tons worth $205.5 billion.

The council said it’s “likely that China will emerge” as the world’s largest gold market for the first time in 2012.

Rising incomes in China, which is the world’s No. 2 economy, have resulted in a surge in demand for gold jewelry and other luxury goods. China became the world’s largest market for gold jewelry in the second half of 2011 as demand rose in every quarter, the report said.

Gold bars, coins and other gold-backed products are also popular because of a lack of other investment options in China.

The long-term rise in the price of gold has also made it a popular hedge against inflation — gold hit a record nominal high of $1,891.90 an ounce in August, though prices have fallen since then. Gold futures for April delivery ended trading in New York on Wednesday at $1,728.10 an ounce.

Central banks, many in developing economies, also boosted gold sales as they sought to diversify their growing piles of foreign currency reserves. They bought 439.7 metric tons of gold last year, up from 77 metric tons the year before and the highest amount since 1964, the report said.

The poor performance of China’s stock and property markets — the other two main choices for Chinese with money to invest — is boosting the popularity of gold as an investment, said Albert Cheng, a managing director at the London-based World Gold Council.

The Shanghai Composite Index is down 20 percent over the past year while house prices are starting to fall after authorities put in place curbs to cool an overheated market.

Strong Chinese demand for gold also helped sales leap 33.5 percent last year in Hong Kong, a popular destination for wealthy mainland shoppers because of lower taxes in the semiautonomous Chinese territory.

Demand for gold jewelry in India, meanwhile, fell in the second half of 2011 because of the weakening rupee, which made gold more expensive.

Indians also grappled with high inflation last year that ate away their purchasing power, so they bought smaller amounts of gold, Cheng said.

Source: http://www.businessinsider.com/world-gold-council-china-india-2012-2

Will the Federal Reserve Devalue the Dollar?

The news around the world has been rather interesting over the last few weeks.  We have Iran trading Oil for Gold instead of PetroDollars.    The Greek crisis still has not been solved while Italy, Spain and Portugal are struggling to stay solvent.  China has signed fourteen currency swap agreements bypassing the US Dollar.  The Federal Reserve has announced that it will keep interest rates at or near zero until 2014.  The US has just raised its debt limit once again, with little opposition.  We all know that 2012 is an election year in the USA which usually means very little will be done in Washington.

So what will we see this year?  Will we see Deflation or Inflation? Currently I hear news out of the USA and here locally in Panama that items are going up in price. I just spent a week in San Jose, Costa Rica where one liter of Coca Cola was $2.50.  They were just forced here in Panama to raise the minimum wage to $500 just so people could afford to survive.  You can imagine the repercussions, many businesses will have to let employees go in order to keep the doors open.  Here in Panama we use the US Dollar as our currency.  Who is to blame for the inflation we are seeing?  It is not the printing presses fault. It is the powers behind the printing.

Way back on November 21, 2002 there was a Federal Reserve Governor named Ben Bernanke, who gave a speech to the National Economist´s Club.  In this speech he outlined exactly what he would do if he was Chairman of the Federal Reserve in the instance of a financial crisis or Depression.

  1. The Federal Reserve would lower the interest rate to zero
  2. Purchase Securities from Banks (GM, Chrysler)
  3. Increase the Money Supply
  4. Buy Countries Debt QE1, QE2, QE3 and QE Infinity
  5. Devalue the Dollar

I will not go into each of these scenarios individually.  We all know that points one through four are already in play.  The one that has not occurred yet is the devaluation of the Dollar.  Mr. Bernanke calls himself a student of the depression.  He has studied The Federal Reserve actions during that time.  Here is an excerpt from that speech.

Ben Bernanke November 21, 2002

Although a policy of intervening to affect the exchange value of the dollar is nowhere on the horizon today, it´s worth noting that there have been times when exchange rate policy has been an effective weapon against deflation. A striking example from U.S. history is Franklin Roosevelt´s 40 percent devaluation of the dollar against Gold in 1933-34, enforced by a program of Gold purchases and domestic money creation.  The devaluation and the rapid increase in money supply it permitted ended the U.S. deflation remarkably quickly.  Indeed, consumer price inflation in the United States, year on year, went from -10.3 percent in 1932 to -5.1 percent in 1933 to 3.4 percent in 1934. The economy grew strongly, and by the way, 1934 was one of the best years of the century for the stock market.  If nothing else, the episode illustrates that monetary actions can have powerful effects on the economy, even when the nominal interest rate is at or near zero, as was the case at the time of Roosevelt´s devaluation.

Original speech can be viewed here

On April 3rd 1933 President Roosevelt declared the Presidential Order 6102.

All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve bank or a branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion, and gold certificates now owned by them or coming into their ownership on or before April 28, 1933.

At this time Gold was valued at $20 per ounce.  Shortly after the Gold confiscation was completed the Federal Reserve revalued Gold at $35 per ounce or a 40 percent devaluation of the currency.  Remember that during this time the Dollar was backed by the promise of Gold.

In my mind Mr. Bernanke is telling us what he is going to do next if the economy does not respond to the other four measures that he has implemented.  What would a 40% devaluation of the US Dollar do to your savings if everything is in US Dollars or a currency pegged to the Dollar? The devaluation of the US Dollar would be great for Gold, Silver, Home Values, Debt and the stock market.  What about the people that do not have hard assets?  People who live off Social Security, Government Subsidies, Fixed Incomes and Savings will have a difficult time.  Imagine tomorrow you wake up and your savings has just been devalued 40%.

Growing up I was taught that putting your savings in the bank was important.  Today it seems that the idea is no longer valid.  What Mr. Bernanke has told us is that he will devalue the currency in order for the country to continue to have growth.  What are you doing to protect your family and future?

By: Randy Hilarski – The Rare Metals Guy

Could the renewables industry suffer from a lack of scarce metals?

Solar Panels

It is not just in laptop computers, mobile telephones and LED screens that scarce metals are to be found but also in solar cells, batteries for mobile technologies and many other similar applications. And the rising demand for these metals increases the risk of a bottleneck in supplies…

“There is no future without scarce metals!” This was the very clear message with which Peter Hofer, a member of Empa’s Board of Directors, greeted guests at the recent Technology Briefing on scarce metals held at the Empa Academy.

After all, it is scarce metals in batteries and motors that keep electric vehicles rolling and which, in automobile catalytic converters, clean up the exhaust gases.

Hofer said: “Materials with special properties are essential if we are to find solutions to the problems caused by our ever-increasing mobility requirements.”

The term scarce metals includes gallium, indium, cobalt and the platinum metals, in addition to the rare earth metals which are used (together with iron and boron), for example, to make the very strong magnets needed in wind turbines.

And manufacturers like to use tantalum for the capacitors on mobile telephone printed circuit boards (PCBs) because this transition metal, when used in these tiny components, enables them to store and release large amounts of electrical energy. The demand is high, with more than 60% of the tantalum mined being used for this application.

The darker side

But, as Patrick Wäger, the initiator of the Technology Briefing and an expert on scarce metals, explained, everything has a darker side to it. Raw materials which can only be mined and refined in a few countries, for which alternatives are not easy to find and which have a low rate of recycling must are considered to be critical. China, for example, almost completely controls the supply of rare earth metals from which high-performance permanent magnets are manufactured.

Wäger, who is a staff member of Empa’s Technology and Society laboratory, added that by imposing export restrictions the Chinese Government has forced prices to rise, leading to delivery bottlenecks. Currently great efforts are being made to reduce this dependency by expanding supply capacities outside of China, such as in the USA, Australia or Greenland – with implications also for the environment.

Tantalum, required for high-performance micro-capacitors, is viewed in the microelectronics industry as a material which is difficult to substitute, and to date it has not been possible to recover it from end-of-life products. Particularly worrying are the facts that tantalum is illegally mined in certain Central African countries under degrading conditions, and the profits from its sale are used to finance civil wars.

“Swiss companies also need to think closely about how they can reduce this dependency and avoid the possibility of delivery bottlenecks,” remarked Jean-Philippe Kohl, the Head of Swissmem’s Economic Policy Group.

A recent survey of the industry association’s members in the Swiss mechanical engineering, electrical and metal sectors showed that every single company contacted used at least one of the critical raw materials. In order to protect themselves from possible shortages many of the companies had signed long-term delivery contracts with their suppliers. The others are cooperating with research institutions, either to develop alternative raw materials and technologies, or to optimise existing processes.

Alternatives from research labs

As an example of this approach, Stephan Buecheler explained how Empa’s Thin-Films and Photovoltaic laboratory was working to reduce the thickness of the critical tellurium layer in flexible solar cells which use cadmium telluride (CdTe) as the active material.

Similarly, efforts are being made in solar cells based on copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) to replace the critical indium oxide with zinc oxide. In making these changes no loss of performance is expected. Quite the opposite, in fact – the aim is to increase the efficiency of these devices by optimal use of raw materials and fast processes. Researchers have already shown that this is possible, having set a new efficiency record last year.

Again with the aim of reducing scarce metal usage, the institution’s Internal Combustion Engine laboratory has developed an extremely efficient and economic foam catalyst. Changing the form of the ceramic substrate has enabled the use of less of the noble metals palladium and rhodium in comparison to conventional catalysts.

In collaboration with Empa’s Solid-State Chemistry and Catalysis laboratory, the motor scientists are conducting research work on regenerative exhaust gas catalysts which employed perovskites instead of scarce metals. The former are multifunctional metal oxides which, because of their special crystal structure, are capable of transforming heat directly into electrical energy.

The recycling challenge

Despite all the doom and gloom, we will not have to do without scarce metals entirely. As Heinz Boeni, head of the Technology and Society laboratory, maintained there is of course a reserve of scarce metals to be found in end-of-life electrical and electronic products.

While natural primary deposits are being used up, the ‘anthropogenic’ secondary deposits created by man are increasing continuously. In a ton of natural ore as mined there is typically about 5 g of gold. In a ton of discarded mobile telephones, on the other hand, there is about 280 g, while the same weight of scrap PCBs contains as much as 1.4 kg of the precious metal! But recovering scarce metals is anything but easy.

“You can’t just pull them out from electronic waste with a screwdriver and a hammer. The recovery process is at least as complex as the design and development of the old appliances themselves,” recycling expert Christian Hagelüken made clear.

A large percentage of scarce metals are to be found in the form of very thin layers or mixed with other substances in the form of alloys, added Hagelüken, whose employer, Umicore, is one of the largest recycling companies involved in the recovery of precious metals from complex waste material. Recycling scarce metals demands the use of complicated recovery processes.

Furthermore, suitable recovery processes alone are not enough to guarantee high recycling rates. According to the experts it is necessary to keep an eye on the whole recycling chain, from collection, disassembly and sorting of the scrap to the actual recovery process itself.

The greatest efforts are in vain if, as is the case in certain countries, end-of-life computers and other electronic appliances are exported to developing and threshold countries where the scarce metals are lost through the inappropriate treatment of the electronic waste, which also represents a danger to human health and the environment. Or, if with a mechanical disassembly – which is common today in Switzerland – the scarce metals are dissipated into fractions from which they cannot be recovered.

Source: http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/view/23613/could-the-renewables-industry-suffer-from-a-lack-of-scarce-metals/

States seek currencies made of silver and gold

Gold American Eagle Coins

NEW YORK (CNNMoney) — A growing number of states are seeking shiny new currencies made of silver and gold.

Worried that the Federal Reserve and the U.S. dollar are on the brink of collapse, lawmakers from 13 states, including Minnesota, Tennessee, Iowa, South Carolina and Georgia, are seeking approval from their state governments to either issue their own alternative currency or explore it as an option. Just three years ago, only three states had similar proposals in place.

“In the event of hyperinflation, depression, or other economic calamity related to the breakdown of the Federal Reserve System … the State’s governmental finances and private economy will be thrown into chaos,” said North Carolina Republican Representative Glen Bradley in a currency bill he introduced last year.

Unlike individual communities, which are allowed to create their own currency — as long as it is easily distinguishable from U.S. dollars — the Constitution bans states from printing their own paper money or issuing their own currency. But it allows the states to make “gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts.”

To the state legislators who are proposing state-issued currencies, that means gold and silver are fair game, said Edwin Vieira, an alternative currency proponent and attorney specializing in Constitutional law. And since gold has grown exponentially more valuable, while the U.S. dollar continues to lose ground, the notion has become increasingly appealing to state lawmakers, he said.

The state gold rush: Utah became the first state to introduce its own alternative currency when Governor Gary Herbert signed a bill into law last March that recognized gold and silver coins issued by the U.S. Mint as an acceptable form of payment. Under the law, the coins — which include American Gold and Silver Eagles — are treated the same as U.S. dollars for tax purposes, eliminating capital gains taxes.

Since the face value of some U.S.-minted gold and silver coins — like the one-ounce, $50 American Gold Eagle coin — is so much less than the metal value (one ounce of gold is now worth more than $1,700), the new law allows the coins to be exchanged at their market value, based on weight and fineness.

Local currencies: In the U.S., we don’t trust

“A Utah citizen, for example, could contract with another to sell his car for 10 one-ounce gold coins (approximately $17,000), or an independent contractor could arrange to be compensated in gold coins,” said Rich Danker, a project director at the American Principles Project, a conservative public policy group in Washington, D.C.

South Carolina Republican Representative Mike Pitts proposed a currency system that would allow people to use any kind of silver or gold coin — whether it’s a Philippine Peso or a South African Krugerrand — based on weight and fineness. Pitts said in the bill, which currently has 12 co-sponsors, that the state is facing “an economic crisis of severe magnitude.”

Republican representatives from Washington State followed suit in January, introducing a bill that would also allow any gold and silver coins to be considered legal tender based on metal values. Minnesota, Iowa, Georgia, Idaho and Indiana are also considering similar proposals.

Many of the bills would make it possible for residents to exchange the physical coins for goods and services, so you could use coins to buy anything from groceries to a car as long as the store chooses to accept them.

However, most people aren’t going to walk around with such valuable coins in their pockets, said Vieira. Plus, calculating the value of the coins — especially if they come from different parts of the globe and are of different sizes and shapes — will get tricky.

Community cash: In each other we trust

It’s more likely that the states will create electronic depositories and accounts for the coins to make transactions easier, when and if the initial bills are passed, he said.

Utah Gold & Silver Depository is already developing a system where customers could use debit cards linked to their gold holdings. When customers swipe their debit cards to make transactions, physical gold and silver coins would be transferred between accounts in privately-owned depositories (or vaults) based on the market value of the metals.

Before deciding on a specific form of currency, some states — including Minnesota, Tennessee, Virginia and North Carolina — are considering proposals that would first require a committee to review their alternative currency plan.

The future of U.S. currency: The states’ proposals have been gaining steam among Tea Partyers and Republicans, many of whom also endorse a nationwide return to the gold standard, which would require the U.S. dollar to be backed by gold reserves.

Tea Party “father” Ron Paul is sponsoring the “Free Competition in Currency Act,” which would allow states to introduce their own currencies, and rival Newt Gingrich is calling for a commission to look at how the country can get back to the gold standard.

But it will be the individual states that could really get the ball rolling, said Vieira. Even if several of the current proposals get killed, the introduction of so many bills at the state level is drawing national attention to the issue, he said.

Funny money: 11 local currencies

Of all the state proposals circulating right now, Republican-controlled states including South Carolina, Georgia, Idaho and Indiana have the best chance of passing their proposed bills this year, said American Principles Project’s Danker. If just one or two states implement an alternative currency, it could have a Domino effect, he said.

“I think we could get a couple passed in this legislative session, and that would show this is mainstream, popular and it would be a justification for more of the risk-averse states for doing this,” he said.

There are, of course, many people who think the recent push for alternative state currencies should be stopped in its tracks. David Parsley, a professor of economics and finance at Vanderbilt University, said he thinks state-issued currencies are a “terrible” idea.

“Having 50 Feds” could debase the U.S. dollar and even potentially lead the country into default, he said. “The single currency in the United States is working just fine,” said Parsley. “I have no idea why anyone would want to destroy something so successful — unless they actually wanted to destroy the country.”

 By Blake Ellis @CNNMoney
Source: http://money.cnn.com/2012/02/03/pf/states_currencies/

No future without scarce metals

(Nanowerk News) It is not just in laptop computers, mobile telephones and LED screens that scarce metals are to be found but also in solar cells, batteries for mobile technologies and many other similar applications. The rising demand for these metals increases the risk of a bottleneck in supplies.

Empa researchers and representatives from industry explained at the “Technology Briefing” why scarce metals are essential for many key technologies and how an impending scarcity might be avoided.

“There is no future without scarce metals!” This was the very clear message with which Peter Hofer, a member of Empa’s Board of Directors, greeted guests at the recent Technology Briefing on scarce metals held at the Empa Academy. After all, it is scarce metals in batteries and motors that keep electric vehicles rolling and which, in automobile catalytic converters, clean up the exhaust gases. Hofer again: “Materials with special properties are essential if we are to find solutions to the problems caused by our ever-increasing mobility requirements.”

The term scarce metals includes gallium, indium, cobalt and the platinum metals, in addition to the rare earth metals which are used (together with iron and boron), for example, to make the very strong magnets needed in wind turbines. And manufacturers like to use tantalum for the capacitors on mobile telephone printed circuit boards (PCBs) because this transition metal, when used in these tiny components, enables them to store and release large amounts of electrical energy. The demand is high, with more than 60 per cent of the tantalum mined being used for this application.

The darker side

But, as Patrick Wäger, the initiator of this Technology Briefing and an expert on scarce metals, explained, everything has a darker side to it. Raw materials which can only be mined and refined in a few countries, for which alternatives are not easy to find and which have a low rate of recycling must are considered to be critical. China, for example, almost completely controls the supply of rare earth metals from which high-performance permanent magnets are manufactured. Wäger, who is a staff member of Empa’s Technology and Society laboratory, added that by imposing export restrictions the Chinese government has forced prices to rise, leading to delivery bottlenecks. Currently great efforts are being made to reduce this dependency by expanding supply capacities outside of China, such as in the USA, Australia or Greenland – with implications also for the environment.

Tantalum, required for high-performance micro-capacitors, is viewed in the microelectronics industry as a material which is difficult to substitute, and to date it has not been possible to recover it from end-of-life products. Particularly worrying are the facts that tantalum is illegally mined in certain Central African countries under degrading conditions, and the profits from its sale are used to finance civil wars.

“Swiss companies also need to think closely about how they can reduce this dependency and avoid the possibility of delivery bottlenecks, ” remarked Jean-Philippe Kohl, the head of Swissmem’s Economic Policy Group. A recent survey of the industry association’s members in the Swiss mechanical engineering, electrical and metal sectors showed that every single company contacted used at least one of the critical raw materials. In order to protect themselves from possible shortages many of the companies had signed long-term delivery contracts with their suppliers. The others are cooperating with research institutions, either to develop alternative raw materials and technologies, or to optimize existing processes.

Alternatives from research labs

As an example of this approach, Stephan Buecheler explained how Empa’s Thin-Films and Photovoltaic laboratory was working to reduce the thickness of the critical tellurium layer in flexible solar cells which use cadmium telluride (CdTe) as the active material. Similarly, efforts are being made in solar cells based on copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) to replace the critical indium oxide with zinc oxide. In making these changes no loss of performance is expected. Quite the opposite, in fact – the aim is to increase the efficiency of these devices by optimal use of raw materials and fast processes. Researchers have already shown that this is possible, having set a new efficiency record last year.

Again with the aim of reducing scarce metal usage, the institution’s Internal Combustion Engine laboratory has developed an extremely efficient and economic foam catalyst. Changing the form of the ceramic substrate has enabled the use of less of the noble metals palladium and rhodium in comparison to conventional catalysts. In collaboration with Empa’s Solid-State Chemistry and Catalysis laboratory, the motor scientists are conducting research work on regenerative exhaust gas catalysts which employed perovskites instead of scarce metals. The former are multifunctional metal oxides which, because of their special crystal structure, are capable of transforming heat directly into electrical energy.

The “recycling” challenge

Despite all the doom and gloom, we will not have to do without scarce metals entirely. As Heinz Boeni, head of the Technology and Society laboratory, maintained there is of course a reserve of scarce metals to be found in end-of-life electrical and electronic products. While natural primary deposits are being used up, the “anthropogenic” secondary deposits created by man are increasing continuously. In a ton of natural ore as mined there is typically about 5 g of gold. In a ton of discarded mobile telephones, on the other hand, there is about 280 g, while the same weight of scrap PCBs contains as much as 1.4 kg of the precious metal!

But recovering scarce metals is anything but easy. “You can’t just pull them out from electronic waste with a screwdriver and a hammer. The recovery process is at least as complex as the design and development of the old appliances themselves”, recycling expert Christian Hagelüken made clear. A large percentage of scarce metals are to be found in the form of very thin layers or mixed with other substances in the form of alloys, added Hagelüken, whose employer, Umicore, is one of the largest recycling companies involved in the recovery of precious metals from complex waste material. Recycling scarce metals demands the use of complicated recovery processes.

Furthermore, suitable recovery processes alone are not enough to guarantee high recycling rates. According to the experts it is necessary to keep an eye on the whole recycling chain, from collection, disassembly and sorting of the scrap to the actual recovery process itself. The greatest efforts are in vain if, as is the case in certain countries, end-of-life computers and other electronic appliances are exported to developing and threshold countries where the scarce metals are lost through the inappropriate treatment of the electronic waste, which also represents a danger to human health and the environment. Or, if with a mechanical disassembly – which is common today in Switzerland – the scarce metals are dissipated into fractions from which they cannot be recovered.

Source: http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=24127.php